Problem:
In an isosceles trapezoid, the parallel bases have lengths log3 and log192, and the altitude to these bases has length log16. The perimeter of the trapezoid can be written in the form log2p3q, where p and q are positive integers. Find p+q.
Solution:
Let F be one of the vertices of the smaller base, let H be the foot of the altitude from F to the larger base, and let G be the vertex of the larger base closer to H. Because the trapezoid is isosceles, it follows that GH=21β(log192βlog3)= 21β(log3192β)=21βlog64=21βlog26=3log2. Note that FH=log24=4log2; hence right β³FGH has sides in the ratio of 3:4:5, and thus FG=5log2. The perimeter of the trapezoid is therefore log3+log192+10log2=2log3+ 16log2=log21632. The requested sum is 16+2=18β.
The problems on this page are the property of the MAA's American Mathematics Competitions